DNA molecules

We know that all organisms produce offspring of their own kind, be it an animal, such as single-celled amoebae, or multicellular animals like a horse. Amoeba Amoeba a daughter and a horse produces a horse for children. All this is possible only because a very special molecule called DNA molecules, or deoxyribonucleic acid, such as. DNA contains the genetic material that makes it so unique in every individual and the material transferred from parents to children, the.DNA molecules is a particular organelles of the cell, the cell nucleus called in. Since the cell size is very small, and every body has many molecules of DNA, DNA-DNA Will Have That by the densely packed in the nucleus and this form is known as a chromosome. DNA, he passes the time in the cell in the form of chromosomes. During cell division, DNA unfolds the way it can be copied and transferred to daughter cells. DNA leads, instructions for protein synthesis, so that other biological processes regulated normally as possible. The DNA in the nucleus, DNA is known as nuclear DNA and the complete set of nuclear genome is called. In addition to resources in the cell nucleus, DNA in cellular organelles called mitochondria of those cells that power homes. During sexual reproduction offspring inherit half of the nuclear> DNA from the father and half from the mother, but fertilization mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother for not fully bear the mitochondria of sperm.
The DNA molecule was first observed Miescher in late 1800 by a German biochemist Frederic. But nearly a century has passed since the DNA molecule and scientists could unravel the mystery. The mystery of the DNA was dissolved in 1953 the eminent Works of James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. The use of X-ray diffraction technique, scientists have found the double helix structure of DNA that encodes genetic information, the land of every organism to live the present.
The chemical components of DNA are called nucleotides, for example. Nucleotides consist of three components: a phosphate group, a sugar and one of four types of nitrogen bases. For a complete thread> DNA nucleotides are linked sugar in the form of chains with alternating arrangement of phosphate groups. The four types of nucleotide bases adenine, the DNA is formed (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). The arrangement of these nitrogen bases within a DNA molecule is very specific. This can always adenine with thymine, cytosine pair on one side of DNA helix-helix and can pair with guanine on one side of DNA. This specificProvision of base pairs in a DNA strand is usually followed by a molecule called Chargaff rule that DNA plays an important role in the replication des
The process of DNA replication proceeds according to the breaking of chemical bonds between the two poly-nucleotide chains by an enzyme. The DNA breaks halfway between the base pairs. This new work is now separated strands as templates from which new DNA strandsreached. Within the nucleus many more nucleotides are present. The basics first link with the existing basis, corresponding to the model only in accordance with the rule of Chargaff. If base pairing is the phosphate groups and the sugar nucleotide is added to form other clusters. This procedure is repeated with the presentation of both strands of DNA. The whole process is repeated thousands of times in the form of two DNA molecules, which are precisely Repetitions of the original DNA molecule, and all this happens during mitosis, so that daughter cells receive the exact DNA of a similar character. If an error occurs during the process of mutation of DNA replication occurs. The mutation causes a gain deletion or addition of base pairs and proteins also deserted by false pairs of amino acids.
One of the most important functions of DNA, protein synthesis. The process of protein> Summary is completed in two phases. The first step is the transcription and translation is the second phase. In transcription, the cell uses information from a gene for a protein to form. Both DNA and RNA molecules are similar in structure, except that the RNA-DNA is shorter than the ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose and bears the DNA into RNA also differs from DNA in a bank instead of uracil of thymine. During transcription,the type of RNA, the RNA or messenger RNA is produced, because it will be created gene messengers "send" when information from DNA to a protein-ribosome can then know that RNA polymerase recognizes and attaches to a nucleotide DNA chain at the beginning of the gene, at a place called the organizers. The positions of RNA polymerase promoter on the DNA strand to the right and takes it in the right direction. How RNA polymerase moves, create a new chainextra nucleotides. The RNA polymerase continues until you reach a stop sign at the end of the gene. The RNA polymerase then detaches from the DNA and RNA chain is released, making mRNA.
If the mRNA sends information from DNA to ribosomes and amino acids is converted into the language. Amino acids are formed when a protein is created. Transfers information from DNA to mRNA to the ribosomes in the language of nucleotides.The ribosomes lying in a place certain elements of mRNA, Which can start codon consists of three nucleotide bases indicates that it is ready, a message is read, is produced. Amino acids form proteins that are after the transfer RNA or tRNA, and ribosomes are attached. The moves tRNA for amino acids along the mRNA, so that the message can feed on the ribosome. We all amino acids are linked together to form a protein chain. Every body useProcess of proteins.
It may be life to the conclusion that DNA is a very essential part of an organization.